Viktor Nikolaevich Trostnikov - an alumnus of Moscow Physico-Technical
Institute of 1954. He is a well-known specialist in the field of
experimental physics and computational mathematics. Over 10 years ago
he began a profound study of the issues in natural apologetics,
and of general relation between science and religion in their historical
aspect. His articles "Is the "scientific picture of the world" scientific?",
"The science is becoming religious"; a series of other papers on this
theme are published in various journals and almanachs.
Only some of the most significant and original concepts by Trostnikov are
setting forth in the given report. The reporter is fully responsible for all
missing information, inaccurateness and misinterpretation. In case if a
reader will find something beneficial and interesting for himself, it will
mean that the author of the present notes managed to express ideas
of an outstanding Orthodox thinker and scientist, whose activity and way of
life are approved by many known priests of Moscow temples,
particularly, by father Artemiy Vladimirov.
1
From ancient times science was connected with a earnest search of true
knowledge in the realm of nature, that is close to a religious search of
the moral sense of life. From early on bearers of scientific knowledge -
scientists - deeply believed in the Creator and the Designer of this visible
world and were directed in their lives by the Evangelical doctrine by
Christ the Savior.
Setting apart of science from Christianity began in West Europe in the 11-14th
centuries, at the time when nominalism won a victory over realism, which
accepted existence of sensually perceived things only as manifestations
of the preceding notions (kinds, species, ideas, i.e. "universalities").
The nominalistic worldview accepted at those times, which acknowledged
individual objects taken separately as only truly existed, continues to
dominate in our civilization.
Despite this separation a relationship between science and Christianity can
be called harmonious enough. This situation was promoted by the fact, that
all outstanding scientists of that time were deeply believing persons.
Copernicus, Descartes, Pascal, Newton, Lomonosov, Kuvier - in their works
quite frequently expressed an idea that study of nature helped them to
better realize the greatness of the Creator and arose in them awesome
feelings of delight by the depth of His Wisdom.
However, the epoch of "Enlightenment" (to be more exact one should call it
a period of spiritual darkening, Voltaire having been considered as the most
brilliant representative of that time) , having parasitized on flourishing
of natural sciences and industrial usage of scientific discoveries occurring
at those times, set forth and spread a false idea of self-sufficiency
of human mind and experience among the upper strata of society in order
to fully explain all phenomena of nature. There arose a lot of materialistic
false doctrines: in physics - reductionism, i.e. the reduction of behavior
of complex systems to the characteristics of their simpler parts,
in astronomy - hypotheses of the appearance of the Solar system,
in geology - an absolutely groundless dating of layers in mount rocks,
in biology - a concept of evolution (Lamarckism and Darwinism),
in sciences concerning men and society - socialism and Freudism.
These "theories" - though in fact - myths of the 19th century, continue
to be presented in a slightly modified form as scientifically proved.
Actually, a modern "educated" man accepts as an indisputable truth
without any doubts a belief, that the inferior levels of the Universe
ontologically, logically and chronologically precede its upper levels.
Particularly, he believes that matter consists of particles, heavenly
bodies appeared via gradual thickening of uniform continuums of
simple structures, lively creatures by themselves came into being from
non-organic matter, and then also by themselves were becoming more
complicated and developed; due to the same natural way of events human
societies were gradually perfected, any manifestation of human mind and
spirit comes to a set of the simplest instinctive elements.
It is considered that a state and a society consist of individuums-citizens
who have the priority in reality before communities.
2
In science as such one should clearly discern its two different aspects,
which frequently (and illegitimately) are united under one signboard:
(I) science-research - a systematic study and a statement of objectively
reliable information, that are proved at maximum in content, and
(II) science-worldview, that is an aggregate of convictions that are
supposedly received in scientific research work and are imposed on as
well-known.
These very ideological beliefs that are being inculcated in people's minds
have been enlisted above. Genuine scientific research works have disproved
them completely, that is hushed up to a considerable extent (not only in the
"backward" Russia, but also in the "developped" Western countries).
This secret and total censorship in scientific world is carried out by means
of press, "scientific-popular" literature and TV programs, and its rigidity
probably surpasses the strictness of the Mediaval inquisition. A man has
a lack of time and possibility to think independently, because he is always
occupied by his work, consumption of prestigious goods, purchasing property
(houses, automobiles, audio-video- and computer production - that turned
into the new idols), entertainment, in one row with sport and tourism
one should include an easy and pleasant acquaintance with "scientific
discoveries", which were selected and presented in mass-media as bricks
of general " picture of the world".
This new worldview that proclaims itself as "scientific one" is gradually
developing into a new religion - HUMANOTHEISM - and starts
struggling with former religions, trying to become the main world
religion - religion of human's cult, his body, conveniences and
pleasures, mind and labour, power over nature and, of course, his
"inalienable" rights, which the Bible does not mention, whereas
numerous duties of human beings (in relation to God, to members of
a family, to neighbors, to poor and wretched, to his people in general
and others), as well as a necessity of repentance and convertion is spoken
of in each book of the Old and New Testaments.
Scientific worldview is here a dogmatic foundation of humanotheism,
which in turn prepares a coming of Anti-Christ.
3
On the other hand, the growth of the most convincing facts in the 20th
century which confirm a fact that the world was created by God, removes
objective reasons for disbelief, which could be looked upon by the
materialists of the 19th century as existing and significant ones to
justify their atheistic views. Doubting people of the last century
were eager to hear about God from science, but it kept silence. Nowadays,
science started talking about Him, the Creator, just as He is described
in the Bible. But there is no big joy and enthusiasm that scientific
apologetics has been filled now with exact and comprehensive information
that it can be taught in schools (but it is not yet included even into the
programs of the Seminaries). We do not notice valuable natural-scientific
arguments which we face all the time but do not want to accept them.
Even in the most neutral and rational science to which mathematics was
always referred to, Goedel has proved in 1931 his famous theorem, which
demonstrates that without intuitions of actual infinity inherent to mind
(such ideas can have only God's origin) it is impossible to built any
complicated theories, which could allow to describe at least the
"elementary" arithmetics.
Physics of the 20th century (relativity theory, quantum electrodynamics
and theory of elementary particles) changed so much our views on the
structuring of matter, that it appeared impossible to talk about motion
of material objects along definite trajectories, about waves and
particles, and that a system of one level is constituted of smaller
parts of lower level. It turned out that the act of junction is more
significant than joining objects taken separately are, and at each level its
unique specific laws and principles, that are not drawn out of the laws of
lower levels, play their substantial role. Besides, physical laws are of
a probabilistic character, so that even the tiniest electron has a certain
portion of freedom and is thus principally unpredictable.
Cosmologists and astrophysics are discussing various scenarios of how the
Universe appeared "out of nothing" (the theory of "The Big Bang"),
though many aspects are still disputable and probably will be reconsidered
while the amount of observations will be increased. In particular, a
question of the age of the galaxies, the stars and the planets still remains
open. Its scientific estimates (based on various methods) show a huge variety:
from 10 thousands to 20 billions of years. Big numbers of age better
correspond to views of modern evolutionists. Therefore such intervals are
called "reliable", though the theories with a short age are also based on
reliable and irrefutable data . A so-called "anthropos factor" astounds
us with its significance, according to which with a small deviations of the
Universal constants life in the Universe would be impossible, and no man
would be able to appear in it, who would start to observe and to cognize it.
This scientific conclusion was checked and proved many times and is now
completely affirmed.
Geological explorations offer a great amount of direct evidences concerning a
recent catastrophic flood that enveloped the whole Earth and formed overall
an observable strata structure with chaotically mixed remains of organisms
and deposits of fuel materials as well. Biology always gave many examples of
exclusively complicated and expedient structure of plants and animals that
served as a sufficiently strong argument for the supporters for a concept
of God's creation. A discovery of the genetic code in the middle
of the 20th century the bearers thereof are giant two-threads DNA molecules ,
showed that organisms are alike complex chemical factories where remaking
and synthesis of all those molecules, cells and bigger structures are
produced (in a definite order!), which form lively creatures in accordance
with a previously composed program. Many details of these astonishing
processes are not studied up today, but a possibility of their accidential
appearance in a way of gradual "evolution" is absolutely excluded.
Paleonthology and archeology appeared at the end of 18th century
when George Kuvier at the first time dug out numerous skeletons of
giant reptiles which were later called dinosaurs mixed with the
remains of other animals. Kuvier himself (a convinced Christian)
considered his findings as clear material evidences of the Great Flood that
was described in the Bible. Another archeological object which directly
substantiated the truth about Flood was an enormous wooden box frozen into
ice near the top of mount Ararat in Armenia which was being studied at the
beginning of 20th century by Russian and English expeditions. Sadly to
say, those explorations were interrupted by political events, and a ban that
was imposed on by the government of Turkey prevented from renewing them
since the sovereignty over the territory belongs to Turkey.
Charles Darwin who is considered to be the creator of "the theory of
evolution" attempted to find in remains the lacking "links in a chain of
development" from simple kinds to complex ones. Since existing at those time
remains represented only sufficiently developped species without any signs
of "transition", Darwin raised a task before his followers and successors
to make more excavation works in order to reveal those hypothetical
"intermediate forms". In the last century a number of remains taken out
on the surface was increased up to 100 times, a picture existed in times
of Darwin, however, did not alter and no species of animals or plants which
could be called intermediate were found. "Rows of development"
(mouse - horse...) that are being exposed now in museums to public -
are simply selected fragments of beings of absolutely different species.
Some species which had been ranked once to the intermediate forms that no
longer exist now, for example, Latemeria, were discovered living now without
any changes, as they had been found before in the ground. Recently it has
been experimentally proved that Dog did not originate from Wolf as it was
constantly stated but these are two absolutely different species though
close ones.
The quest for fossils of "the ancestors of a man" have been especially
intensive, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal, Sinanthropus and in the recent time
- Australopithecus have been setting forth as "the ancestors". Without going
into details one can say with full certainty that the offered fragments of
skeletons (most often separate bones of cranium) of all mentioned "ancestors"
belong either to monkeys or other animals or to men close to modern people
or to more or less successful imitations. The most famous imitation is
"Pilthdown Man" which for over 40 years was considered in the entire world
to be the most proved link between monkey and man until it was asserted that
the found bones had been forged with a help of mechanical and chemical
treatment of the fragments of skeletons belonging to monkeys and people,
their grouping and digging into the ground on those plot where the excavation
works had been made by the English archeologist-amateur. Numerous researches
of those semi-detective story showed that those imitation had been carried
out by "philosopher and scientist" French Jesuit Teilhard de Chardin.
Scientific discoveries of 20th century prove over and over again that was
exclaimed by David the prophet in his Psalms: "The heavens declare the glory
of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands; I praise Thee because I am
fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, and my soul
comprehends this quite well". The reasons for persistent disbelief
remained the same, about which Apostle Paul wrote in the Romans 1:21,24,25:
"For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave
thanks to Him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts
were darkened... Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their
hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another.
They changed the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created
things instead of the Creator - Who is forever praised. Amen".
See also:
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