Pravoslavie.Ru home page
Pravoslavie means Orthodoxy in Russian, .Ru is a Russian Internet domain, Pravoslavie.Ru is an online magazine about Christian Orthodoxy in Russia.
ENGLISH EDITION  
   

 

A MATHEMATICIAN'S VIEW ON CHRISTIANITY AND SCIENCE FROM A HISTORIC PERSPECTIVE
(A SURVEY OF THE PAPERS BY V.N.TROSTNIKOV)


Viktor Nikolaevich Trostnikov - an alumnus of Moscow Physico-Technical Institute of 1954. He is a well-known specialist in the field of experimental physics and computational mathematics. Over 10 years ago he began a profound study of the issues in natural apologetics, and of general relation between science and religion in their historical aspect. His articles "Is the "scientific picture of the world" scientific?", "The science is becoming religious"; a series of other papers on this theme are published in various journals and almanachs.

Only some of the most significant and original concepts by Trostnikov are setting forth in the given report. The reporter is fully responsible for all missing information, inaccurateness and misinterpretation. In case if a reader will find something beneficial and interesting for himself, it will mean that the author of the present notes managed to express ideas of an outstanding Orthodox thinker and scientist, whose activity and way of life are approved by many known priests of Moscow temples, particularly, by father Artemiy Vladimirov.



1

From ancient times science was connected with a earnest search of true knowledge in the realm of nature, that is close to a religious search of the moral sense of life. From early on bearers of scientific knowledge - scientists - deeply believed in the Creator and the Designer of this visible world and were directed in their lives by the Evangelical doctrine by Christ the Savior.

Setting apart of science from Christianity began in West Europe in the 11-14th centuries, at the time when nominalism won a victory over realism, which accepted existence of sensually perceived things only as manifestations of the preceding notions (kinds, species, ideas, i.e. "universalities"). The nominalistic worldview accepted at those times, which acknowledged individual objects taken separately as only truly existed, continues to dominate in our civilization.

Despite this separation a relationship between science and Christianity can be called harmonious enough. This situation was promoted by the fact, that all outstanding scientists of that time were deeply believing persons.

Copernicus, Descartes, Pascal, Newton, Lomonosov, Kuvier - in their works quite frequently expressed an idea that study of nature helped them to better realize the greatness of the Creator and arose in them awesome feelings of delight by the depth of His Wisdom.

However, the epoch of "Enlightenment" (to be more exact one should call it a period of spiritual darkening, Voltaire having been considered as the most brilliant representative of that time) , having parasitized on flourishing of natural sciences and industrial usage of scientific discoveries occurring at those times, set forth and spread a false idea of self-sufficiency of human mind and experience among the upper strata of society in order to fully explain all phenomena of nature. There arose a lot of materialistic false doctrines: in physics - reductionism, i.e. the reduction of behavior of complex systems to the characteristics of their simpler parts, in astronomy - hypotheses of the appearance of the Solar system, in geology - an absolutely groundless dating of layers in mount rocks, in biology - a concept of evolution (Lamarckism and Darwinism), in sciences concerning men and society - socialism and Freudism.

These "theories" - though in fact - myths of the 19th century, continue to be presented in a slightly modified form as scientifically proved. Actually, a modern "educated" man accepts as an indisputable truth without any doubts a belief, that the inferior levels of the Universe ontologically, logically and chronologically precede its upper levels.

Particularly, he believes that matter consists of particles, heavenly bodies appeared via gradual thickening of uniform continuums of simple structures, lively creatures by themselves came into being from non-organic matter, and then also by themselves were becoming more complicated and developed; due to the same natural way of events human societies were gradually perfected, any manifestation of human mind and spirit comes to a set of the simplest instinctive elements.

It is considered that a state and a society consist of individuums-citizens who have the priority in reality before communities.



2

In science as such one should clearly discern its two different aspects, which frequently (and illegitimately) are united under one signboard: (I) science-research - a systematic study and a statement of objectively reliable information, that are proved at maximum in content, and (II) science-worldview, that is an aggregate of convictions that are supposedly received in scientific research work and are imposed on as well-known.

These very ideological beliefs that are being inculcated in people's minds have been enlisted above. Genuine scientific research works have disproved them completely, that is hushed up to a considerable extent (not only in the "backward" Russia, but also in the "developped" Western countries).

This secret and total censorship in scientific world is carried out by means of press, "scientific-popular" literature and TV programs, and its rigidity probably surpasses the strictness of the Mediaval inquisition. A man has a lack of time and possibility to think independently, because he is always occupied by his work, consumption of prestigious goods, purchasing property (houses, automobiles, audio-video- and computer production - that turned into the new idols), entertainment, in one row with sport and tourism one should include an easy and pleasant acquaintance with "scientific discoveries", which were selected and presented in mass-media as bricks of general " picture of the world".

This new worldview that proclaims itself as "scientific one" is gradually developing into a new religion - HUMANOTHEISM - and starts struggling with former religions, trying to become the main world religion - religion of human's cult, his body, conveniences and pleasures, mind and labour, power over nature and, of course, his "inalienable" rights, which the Bible does not mention, whereas numerous duties of human beings (in relation to God, to members of a family, to neighbors, to poor and wretched, to his people in general and others), as well as a necessity of repentance and convertion is spoken of in each book of the Old and New Testaments.

Scientific worldview is here a dogmatic foundation of humanotheism, which in turn prepares a coming of Anti-Christ.



3

On the other hand, the growth of the most convincing facts in the 20th century which confirm a fact that the world was created by God, removes objective reasons for disbelief, which could be looked upon by the materialists of the 19th century as existing and significant ones to justify their atheistic views. Doubting people of the last century were eager to hear about God from science, but it kept silence. Nowadays, science started talking about Him, the Creator, just as He is described in the Bible. But there is no big joy and enthusiasm that scientific apologetics has been filled now with exact and comprehensive information that it can be taught in schools (but it is not yet included even into the programs of the Seminaries). We do not notice valuable natural-scientific arguments which we face all the time but do not want to accept them.

Even in the most neutral and rational science to which mathematics was always referred to, Goedel has proved in 1931 his famous theorem, which demonstrates that without intuitions of actual infinity inherent to mind (such ideas can have only God's origin) it is impossible to built any complicated theories, which could allow to describe at least the "elementary" arithmetics.

Physics of the 20th century (relativity theory, quantum electrodynamics and theory of elementary particles) changed so much our views on the structuring of matter, that it appeared impossible to talk about motion of material objects along definite trajectories, about waves and particles, and that a system of one level is constituted of smaller parts of lower level. It turned out that the act of junction is more significant than joining objects taken separately are, and at each level its unique specific laws and principles, that are not drawn out of the laws of lower levels, play their substantial role. Besides, physical laws are of a probabilistic character, so that even the tiniest electron has a certain portion of freedom and is thus principally unpredictable.

Cosmologists and astrophysics are discussing various scenarios of how the Universe appeared "out of nothing" (the theory of "The Big Bang"), though many aspects are still disputable and probably will be reconsidered while the amount of observations will be increased. In particular, a question of the age of the galaxies, the stars and the planets still remains open. Its scientific estimates (based on various methods) show a huge variety: from 10 thousands to 20 billions of years. Big numbers of age better correspond to views of modern evolutionists. Therefore such intervals are called "reliable", though the theories with a short age are also based on reliable and irrefutable data . A so-called "anthropos factor" astounds us with its significance, according to which with a small deviations of the Universal constants life in the Universe would be impossible, and no man would be able to appear in it, who would start to observe and to cognize it. This scientific conclusion was checked and proved many times and is now completely affirmed.

Geological explorations offer a great amount of direct evidences concerning a recent catastrophic flood that enveloped the whole Earth and formed overall an observable strata structure with chaotically mixed remains of organisms and deposits of fuel materials as well. Biology always gave many examples of exclusively complicated and expedient structure of plants and animals that served as a sufficiently strong argument for the supporters for a concept of God's creation. A discovery of the genetic code in the middle of the 20th century the bearers thereof are giant two-threads DNA molecules , showed that organisms are alike complex chemical factories where remaking and synthesis of all those molecules, cells and bigger structures are produced (in a definite order!), which form lively creatures in accordance with a previously composed program. Many details of these astonishing processes are not studied up today, but a possibility of their accidential appearance in a way of gradual "evolution" is absolutely excluded.

Paleonthology and archeology appeared at the end of 18th century when George Kuvier at the first time dug out numerous skeletons of giant reptiles which were later called dinosaurs mixed with the remains of other animals. Kuvier himself (a convinced Christian) considered his findings as clear material evidences of the Great Flood that was described in the Bible. Another archeological object which directly substantiated the truth about Flood was an enormous wooden box frozen into ice near the top of mount Ararat in Armenia which was being studied at the beginning of 20th century by Russian and English expeditions. Sadly to say, those explorations were interrupted by political events, and a ban that was imposed on by the government of Turkey prevented from renewing them since the sovereignty over the territory belongs to Turkey.

Charles Darwin who is considered to be the creator of "the theory of evolution" attempted to find in remains the lacking "links in a chain of development" from simple kinds to complex ones. Since existing at those time remains represented only sufficiently developped species without any signs of "transition", Darwin raised a task before his followers and successors to make more excavation works in order to reveal those hypothetical "intermediate forms". In the last century a number of remains taken out on the surface was increased up to 100 times, a picture existed in times of Darwin, however, did not alter and no species of animals or plants which could be called intermediate were found. "Rows of development" (mouse - horse...) that are being exposed now in museums to public - are simply selected fragments of beings of absolutely different species.

Some species which had been ranked once to the intermediate forms that no longer exist now, for example, Latemeria, were discovered living now without any changes, as they had been found before in the ground. Recently it has been experimentally proved that Dog did not originate from Wolf as it was constantly stated but these are two absolutely different species though close ones.

The quest for fossils of "the ancestors of a man" have been especially intensive, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal, Sinanthropus and in the recent time - Australopithecus have been setting forth as "the ancestors". Without going into details one can say with full certainty that the offered fragments of skeletons (most often separate bones of cranium) of all mentioned "ancestors" belong either to monkeys or other animals or to men close to modern people or to more or less successful imitations. The most famous imitation is "Pilthdown Man" which for over 40 years was considered in the entire world to be the most proved link between monkey and man until it was asserted that the found bones had been forged with a help of mechanical and chemical treatment of the fragments of skeletons belonging to monkeys and people, their grouping and digging into the ground on those plot where the excavation works had been made by the English archeologist-amateur. Numerous researches of those semi-detective story showed that those imitation had been carried out by "philosopher and scientist" French Jesuit Teilhard de Chardin.


Scientific discoveries of 20th century prove over and over again that was exclaimed by David the prophet in his Psalms: "The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands; I praise Thee because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, and my soul comprehends this quite well". The reasons for persistent disbelief remained the same, about which Apostle Paul wrote in the Romans 1:21,24,25: "For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened... Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another. They changed the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things instead of the Creator - Who is forever praised. Amen".


See also:

 


  © PRAVOSLAVIE.RU